Region where GSM best suited

• G (analog) systems: Include technologies such TACS stands for Total Access Communication System in the United Kingdom, NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) in Scandinavia, and AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in North America.
• G (digital) systems: include the most well-known cellular standard, GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), deployed initially in Europe and now in most parts of the world, including North America and Asia; and TDMA, the North American digital enhancement to AMPS, deployed in North America and other parts of the world.
• G systems include: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), which provides an evolution from GSM to 3G and is expected to be the most widely adopted 3G standard cdma2000, the evolution of cdmaOne, which will be deployed mainly in North America and Asia UWC 136, the TDMA 3G evolution, which relies on EDGE (Enhanced Data for Global Evolution) technology for its increased 3G data rates, but will not see widespread deployment In addition, DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephony) is regarded as a true 3G system by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

GSM is best suited at the following places:

RADIO NETWORK AREA: The RNC (radio network controller) controls the operation of multiple Node Bs, managing resources such as allocating capacity for data calls and providing critical signaling such as call setup, plus switching and traffic routing functionality.

The main purpose of radio resource procedures is to maintain, establish and release radio connections. To be effective, the radio resource procedures are complex and include the cell selection/reselection and handover procedures.

INTERNET COMPATIBILE PLACES: Because the Internet is a packet-based network utilizing the IP, GPRS provides an easy connection with Internet-based data. This makes GPRS ideally suited for wireless data and applications.

PLAIN AREA: As mobile communication is best work as the radio network and for better outcomes of connection the radio networks best works on plain area where there is least distortion of network and in such places GSM works very effectively.

URBAN AREA: Mobile communication requires radio network and these networks works best on urban areas.

RESIDENTIAL USERS: Residential users is of course the target of GSM application, since GSM/GPRS solution could be the potential replacement of DSL and Cable mode which most of the current users are using to connect internet GSM provide basic voice service and low cost domestic and international calls.

GSM phone is type of mobile phone which uses (G)lobal (S)ystem for (M)obile Communications to receive and send phone calls. It is a digital standard offered commercially in 1991 and is now the most popular and effective mobile phone transmission technology in the world.

TDMA digital technology is used in GSM phone, which allows for three different voice calls placed in the same time slot, rather than one call using the old analog "cell" phones. This is possible through digital compression that GSM then builds upon with the addition of encryption. As a old technology GSM phone takes the same amount of transmission space, but it has some additional benefit of added security.

Railways: - GPRS-R is being used in railways for specific communication.

PROBLEM DURING IMPLIMETATION OF GSM TECHNOLOGY

• Lack of equipment required for the construction of architecture of technology as only few companies are in this field of construction of these equipment.
• GSM architecture requires a huge power consumption which is not easily available everywhere.
• Very few people at an operator aware of the protocol beyond what's needed for operations and maintenance
• GSM has many protocols and thus there is a lot of problem in applying these protocols during the implementation of technology.
• High cost of the equipment to be used for constructing GSM technology.
• A mutual authentication between phone and network is hard to develop in this type of technology.
• The available radio frequencies have to be re-used closer together and repeatedly within the network so that spectral efficiency can be unlimited.

References:

1. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-gsm-phone.htm
2. http://svn.gnumonks.org/trunk/presentation/2009/openbsc-lk2009/openbsc.tex
3. http://www.protocols.com/pbook/telephony.htm

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